

How do we know the number?
Everyone knows that six million Jews died in the Holocaust. How do we know it? Because everybody else knows it. The figure has been accepted as accurate and without question since as long ago as 1945. But are not this universal knowledge, certainty and immutability rather unique? How many Ukrainians died in the Second World War? How many civilians died in the sieges of Leningrad and Stalingrad or in the bombing of Tokyo? How many have died in the 2003 invasion of Iraq and its consequences? Nobody really knows, and in this last case you will find figures differing almost by a factor of 10 depending on how you interpret the question, how you gather your evidence, from what sources and who is publishing it, etc. Yet Iraq has beeen open to access by the media and by investigative bodies to an immeasurably greater extent than was the case in Eastern Europe in the Second World War and its aftermath. How many Germans died in the evacuation of the Eastern territories in 1945? You will find figures quoted in a range of 500,000 to 3,000,000, usually more informed by political bias than by demography.
The six million
figure is broken down quite differently depending on who
is doing the calculations, with, in the most extreme
case, Lucy Dawidowicz giving 1,300,000 Jewish deaths
for the Majdanek camp and Raul Hilberg less than
100,000 of whom 50,000 were Jews. The
“official” total for Majdanek today is 78,000
dead, all groups combined. These historians have
struggled to reach the Holy Grail of Six Million, with
Dawidowicz stopping just short at 5,900,000, Hilberg
managing only 5,100,000 and the first in the field,
Gerald Reitlinger, falling very short indeed at just
over 4,000,000, which perhaps explains why he has fallen
into oblivion. Figures for individual camps are
regularly revised downward, but the Six Million remains
intact and sacrosanct.
The origins of the Six Million
Though the meme of "Six Million Jews" can be traced back to the 19th century, it first gained prominence during WW1 in America. It concerned Russian Jews: at that time the six-million story repeatedly focussed upon what was allegedly happening in Russia - ‘the six million Jews in Russia’ etc.1915.
Don Heddesheimer’s book, The First Holocaust: Jewish Fundraising Campaigns With Holocaust Claims During and After World War One details the slew of Jewish atrocity propaganda even from before World War I. The First Holocaust features a remarkable collection of press clippings and propaganda articles dating back to the late 19th century whereby claims of the suffering and imminent extermination of European Jewry were used for fundraising. The magic six million number may have got going around the time of the First International Zionist Congress of 1897.
The
1930s and 1940s
The story
gradually moved from the US to Europe and in the
1930s came to focus upon what Germany was doing.
The Holocaust of European Jews concept first
appears in 1936:
In February 1943 the Reader’s Digest
announced that six million Jews were being
massacred (in an article by the Jewish Hollywood
script-writer Ben Hecht, a supporter of Jewish
terrorism in Palestine).
Finally in 1945, "Six
million Jews are dead" was
proclaimed at Nuremberg. The total of six
million was not the result of any statistical
assessment, but the culmination of this mythical
story that had been gathering momentum through the
first half of the 20th century.
Stories
of "Six Million" in the press 1900-45
Between 1900 and 1945, at least 167 references have been found in newspapers and elsewhere to "six million Jews ", usually in a context of danger, most frequently of mortal danger:
es,
Russians and Jews in the German labour-camps, and
around 40% were Jewish, giving a total of 120
thousand deaths. There were probably around ten percent
of camp inmates unregistered at any given time, so let’s
increase that total to 130 thousand deaths. But,
to err on the side of caution, let’s quote the careful
writer Georges Thiel, who estimated (based on the
Arolsen totals) that there was ‘a theoretical maximum
of 200,000 authenticated deaths of Jews in all the
German camps for the whole National Socialist era.’ (Heresy,
in twenty-first century France, a case of
insubmission to the “Holocaust” dogma, 2010,
p.73). He was sent to jail for expressing this
sensible view. Some would put that total higher: thus
the US took records from the Dachau camp after
liberating it after the war, and they submitted at
Nuremberg a total of 25.6 thousand dead, which we
may compare to the 18.4 thousand for Dachau given by
the Red Cross/Arolsen - that is 40% more.